Statistical Techniques Statistical Mechanics. MPEG 1 Audio Layer II Wikipedia. MPEG 1 Audio Layer II or MPEG 2 Audio Layer II MP2, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam or MUSICAM5 is a lossyaudio compression format defined by ISOIEC 1. MPEG 1 Audio Layer I and MPEG 1 Audio Layer III MP3. While MP3 is much more popular for PC and Internet applications, MP2 remains a dominant standard for audio broadcasting. History of development from MP2 to MP3editMUSICAMeditMPEG 1 Audio Layer 2 encoding was derived from the MUSICAM Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing audio codec, developed by Centre commun dtudes de tlvision et tlcommunications CCETT, Philips, and the Institut fr Rundfunktechnik IRT in 1. EUREKA 1. 47 pan European inter governmental research and development initiative for the development of a system for the broadcasting of audio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers established in 1. Stream Transport Video Er Portable Tv' title='Stream Transport Video Er Portable Tv' />MPEG1 Audio Layer II or MPEG2 Audio Layer II MP2, sometimes incorrectly called Musicam or MUSICAM is a lossy audio compression format defined by ISOIEC 111723. XL.jpg' alt='Stream Transport Video Er Portable Tv' title='Stream Transport Video Er Portable Tv' />It began as the Digital Audio Broadcast DAB project managed by Egon Meier Engelen of the Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fr Luft und Raumfahrt later on called Deutsches Zentrum fr Luft und Raumfahrt, German Aerospace Center in Germany. The European Community financed this project, commonly known as EU 1. EUREKA research program. The Eureka 1. 47 System comprised three main elements MUSICAM Audio Coding Masking pattern Universal Sub band Integrated Coding And Multiplexing, Transmission Coding Multiplexing and COFDM Modulation. MUSICAM was one of the few codecs able to achieve high audio quality at bit rates in the range of 6. It has been designed to meet the technical requirements of most applications in the field of broadcasting, telecommunication and recording on digital storage media low delay, low complexity, error robustness, short access units, etc. As a predecessor of the MP3 format and technology, the perceptual codec MUSICAM is based on integer arithmetics 3. It was primarily designed for Digital Audio Broadcasting and digital TV, and disclosed by CCETTFrance and IRT Germany in Atlanta during an IEEE ICASSP conference. This codec incorporated into a broadcasting system using COFDM modulation was demonstrated on air and on the field 1. Radio Canada and CRC Canada during the NAB show Las Vegas in 1. The implementation of the audio part of this broadcasting system was based on a two chips encoder one for the subband transform, one for the psychoacoustic model designed by the team of G. Stoll IRT Germany, later known as Psychoacoustic model I in the ISO MPEG audio standard and a real time decoder using one Motorola 5. DSP chip running an integer arithmetics software designed by Y. F. Deherys team CCETT, France. The simplicity of the corresponding decoder together with the high audio quality of this codec using for the first time a 4. Hz sampling frequency, a 2. AESEBU professional digital input studio standard were the main reasons to later adopt the characteristics of MUSICAM as the basic features for an advanced digital music compression codec such as MP3. The audio coding algorithm used by the Eureka 1. Digital Audio Broadcasting DAB system has been subject to the standardization process within the ISOMoving Pictures Expert Group MPEG in 1. MUSICAM audio coding was used as a basis for some coding schemes of MPEG 1 and MPEG 2 Audio. Most key features of MPEG 1 Audio were directly inherited from MUSICAM, including the filter bank, time domain processing, audio frame sizes, etc. However, improvements were made, and the actual MUSICAM algorithm was not used in the final MPEG 1 Layer II audio standard. Since the finalisation of MPEG 1 Audio and MPEG 2 Audio in 1. MUSICAM algorithm is not used anymore. The name MUSICAM is often mistakenly used when MPEG Audio Layer II is meant. This can lead to some confusion, because the name MUSICAM is trademarked by different companies in different regions of the world. Musicam is the name used for MP2 in some specifications for Astra Digital Radio as well as in the BBCs DAB documents. The Eureka Project 1. European Standard, ETS 3. DAB which now has worldwide acceptance. The DAB standard uses the MPEG 1 Audio Layer II ISOIEC 1. Text Editor To Compare Two Text Files. Hz sampling frequency and the MPEG 2 Audio Layer II ISOIEC 1. Hz sampling frequency. MPEG AudioeditIn the late 1. ISOs Moving Picture Experts Group MPEG started an effort to standardize digital audio and video encoding, expected to have a wide range of applications in digital radio and TV broadcasting later DAB, DMB, DVB, and use on CD ROM later Video CD. The MUSICAM audio coding was one of 1. MPEG 1 Audio standard that were submitted to ISO in 1. The MPEG 1 Audio standard was based on the existing MUSICAM and ASPEC audio formats. The MPEG 1 Audio standard included the three audio layers encoding techniques now known as Layer I MP1, Layer II MP2 and Layer III MP3. All algorithms for MPEG 1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1. ISO 1. 11. 722. MPEG 1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISOIEC 1. MPEG 1 Audio or MPEG 1 Part 3, published in 1. Further work on MPEG audio2. MPEG standards, MPEG 2, more formally known as international standard ISOIEC 1. MPEG 2 Part 3 or backward compatible. MPEG 2 Audio or MPEG 2 Audio BC2. MPEG 2 Part 3 ISOIEC 1. MPEG 1 Audio Layer I, II and III. The new sampling rates are exactly half that of those originally defined for MPEG 1 Audio. MPEG 2 Part 3 also enhanced MPEG 1s audio by allowing the coding of audio programs with more than two channels, up to 5. The Layer III MP3 component uses a lossy compression algorithm that was designed to greatly reduce the amount of data required to represent an audio recording and sound like a decent reproduction of the original uncompressed audio for most listeners. Emmy Award in EngineeringeditCCETT France, IRT Germany and Philips The Netherlands won an Emmy Award in Engineering 2. Musicam or MPEG Audio Layer II. Technical specificationseditMPEG 1 Audio Layer II is defined in ISOIEC 1. MPEG 1 Part 3Sampling rates 3. Hz. Bit rates 3. An extension has been provided in MPEG 2 Audio Layer II and is defined in ISOIEC 1. MPEG 2 Part 33. Additional sampling rates 1. Hz. Additional bit rates 8, 1. Multichannel support up to 5 full range audio channels and an LFE channel Low Frequency Enhancement channelThe format is based on successive digital frames of 1. Variable bit rateeditMPEG audio may have variable bit rate VBR, but it is not widely supported. Layer II can use a method called bit rate switching. Each frame may be created with a different bit rate. According to ISOIEC 1. Section 2. 4. 2. 3 To provide the smallest possible delay and complexity, the MPEG audio decoder is not required to support a continuously variable bit rate when in layer I or II. How the MP2 format workseditMP2 is a sub band audio encoder, which means that compression takes place in the time domain with a low delay filter bank producing 3. By comparison, MP3 is a transform audio encoder with hybrid filter bank, which means that compression takes place in the frequency domain after a hybrid double transformation from the time domain. MPEG Audio Layer II is the core algorithm of the MP3 standards. All psychoacoustical characteristics and frame format structures of the MP3 format are derived from the basic MP2 algorithm and format.