Download Chaos Strikes Back Game Dos' title='Download Chaos Strikes Back Game Dos' />UK miners strike 1. Wikipedia. The miners strike of 1. British coal industry in an attempt to prevent colliery closures. It was led by Arthur Scargill of the National Union of Mineworkers NUM against the National Coal Board NCB, a government agency. Opposition to the strike was led by the Conservative government of Prime Minister. Margaret Thatcher, who called Scargill the enemy within. The NUM was divided over the action and many mineworkers, especially in the English Midlands, worked through the dispute. Modul Belajar Microsoft Word 2007. Few major trade unions supported the NUM, primarily because of the absence of a vote at national level. Violent confrontations between flying pickets and police characterised the year long strike, which ended in a decisive victory for the Conservative government and led to the closure of most of Britains collieries. It was the most bitter industrial dispute in British history. At its height, the strike involved 1. The number of person days of work lost to the strike was over 2. Game of Thrones latest season premiers tonight on HBO and you know what that means. HBO Go will crash, you wont get to watch it tonight, and your Twitter feed. Download Chaos Strikes Back Game Dos' title='Download Chaos Strikes Back Game Dos' />The NCB was encouraged to gear itself toward reduced subsidies in the early 1. After a strike was narrowly averted in February 1. The main strike started on 6 March 1. Cortonwood Colliery, which led to the NUMs Yorkshire areas sanctioning of a strike on the grounds of a ballot result from 1. Yorkshire Area, which was later challenged in court. The union strategy was to cause a severe energy shortage of the sort that had won victory in the 1. The government strategy, designed by Margaret Thatcher, was threefold to build up ample coal stocks, to keep as many miners at work as possible, and to use police to break up attacks by pickets on working miners. The critical element was the NUMs failure to hold a strike ballot, which enabled a minority to keep working and kept other unions from supporting it. The strike was ruled illegal in September 1. It ended on 3 March 1. It was a defining moment in British industrial relations, the NUMs defeat significantly weakening the trade union movement. It was a major victory for Thatcher and the Conservative Party, with the Thatcher government able to consolidate their economically liberal programme. The number of strikes fell sharply in 1. Three deaths resulted from events related to the strike. The much reduced coal industry was privatised in December 1. UK Coal. In 1. 98. Britain had 1. 74 working pits, but by 2. Poverty increased in former coal mining areas, and in 1. Grimethorpe in South Yorkshire was the poorest settlement in the country. Backgroundedit. Coal mining employment in the UK, 1. DECC dataWhile more than 1,0. UK during the first half of the 2. Coal mining, nationalised by Clement Attlees Labour government in 1. National Coal Board NCB under Ian Mac. Gregor in 1. 98. 4. As in most of Europe, the industry was heavily subsidised. In 1. 98. 23 the operating loss per tonne was 3. NCB. 8 The calculation of these operating losses was disputed. By 1. The solution was mechanisation and greater efficiency per worker, making many miners redundant. Download the free trial version below to get started. Doubleclick the downloaded file to install the software. Tabtight professional, free when you need it, VPN service. The industry was restructured between 1. The reduction in the labour force was offset by government and industry initiatives to provide alternative employment. Stabilisation occurred between 1. The accelerated contraction imposed by Thatcher after 1. TheINQUIRER publishes daily news, reviews on the latest gadgets and devices, and INQdepth articles for tech buffs and hobbyists. Bowser was created by Shigeru Miyamoto as the villain of Super Mario Bros. Miyamoto stated that they considered naming him either Kuppa, Yukke, or. In the post war consensus, policy allowed for closures only where agreed to by the workers, who in turn received guaranteed economic security. Consensus did not apply when closures were enforced and redundant miners had severely limited employment alternatives. The NUMs strike in 1. Edward Heaths Conservative government. The partys response was the Ridley Plan, an internal report that was leaked to The Economist magazine and appeared in its 2. May 1. 97. 8 issue. Ridley described how a future Conservative government could resist and defeat a major strike in a nationalised industry. In Ridleys opinion, trade union power in the UK was interfering with market forces, pushing up inflation, and the unions undue political power had to be curbed to restore the UKs economy. National Union of MineworkerseditThe mining industry was effectively a closed shop. Although not official policy, employment of non unionised labour would have led to a mass walkout of mineworkers. The National Union of Mineworkers NUM came into being in 1. Britain were nationalised 9. Demand for coal was high in the years following the Second World War, and Polish refugees were drafted to work in the pits. Over time, coals share in the energy market declined relative to oil and nuclear. Dark Reign 2 Full Game. Large scale closures of collieries occurred in the 1. Sean Rowe The Salesman And The Shark here. Scotland, Wales, Lancashire, the north east of England to Yorkshire and the Midlands coalfields. After a period of inaction from the NUM leadership over employment cuts, there was an unofficial strike in 1. NUM leadership. 1. The threshold for endorsement of strike action in a national ballot was reduced from two thirds in favour to 5. There was then success in the national strike in 1. Three Day Week. 1. The NUMs success in bringing down the Heath government demonstrated its power, but it caused resentment at their demand to be treated as a special case in wage negotiations. The NUM had a decentralised regional structure and certain regions were seen as more militant than others. Scotland, South Wales and Kent were militant and had some Communist officials, whereas the Midlands were much less militant. The only nationally coordinated actions in the 1. Orgreave. 1. 9In the more militant mining areas, strikebreakers were reviled and never forgiven for betraying the community. In 1. 98. 4, some pit villages had no other industries for many miles around. In South Wales, miners showed a high degree of solidarity, as they came from isolated villages where most workers were employed in the pits, had similar lifestyles, and an evangelical religious style based on Methodism that led to an ideology of egalitarianism. The dominance of mining in these local economies led Oxford professor Andrew Glyn to conclude that no pit closure could be beneficial for government revenue. From 1. 98. 1, the NUM was led by Arthur Scargill, a militant trade unionist and socialist, with strong leanings towards communism. Scargill was a vocal opponent of Thatchers government. In March 1. 98. 3, he stated The policies of this government are clear to destroy the coal industry and the NUM. National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and ShotfirerseditNo mining could legally be done without being overseen by an overman or deputy. Their union, the National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers NACODS with 1. Its constitution required a two thirds majority for a national strike. During the 1. 97. NUM and non striking NACODS members led to an agreement that NACODS members could stay off work without loss of pay if they were faced with aggressive picketing. Sequence of eventseditCalls for actionedit. Margaret Thatcher in 1. In February 1. 98. Coal stocks would last only six weeks, after which Britain would shut down and people would demand concessions. Thatcher realised she needed at least a six months supply of coal to win a strike. In 1. 98. 2, NUM members accepted a 9. Most pits proposed for closure in 1. NCB cut employment by 4. March 1. 98. 1 and March 1. The effect of closures was lessened by transfers to other pits and the opening up of the Selby Coalfield where working conditions and wages were relatively favourable.